An exploration of the nature and history of capitalism. Global capitalism, colonies and Third-World economic realities. Introduction to Anatomy 350/530. Major parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Now for the neuroanatomy! Let's get started. The CNS. The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state. Gmail is email that's intuitive, efficient, and useful. 15 GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. ![]() ![]() Nazi Germany. Greater German Reich. Großdeutsches Reich. Motto. Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer"One People, one Reich, one Leader"Anthem Das Lied der Deutschen(official)First stanza of Das Lied der Deutschenfollowed by Horst- Wessel- Lied. Europe at the height of German expansion, 1. Greater Germany Areas under German and/or Axis occupation German allies, co- belligerents, and puppet states Western Allied- held Neutral countries. Capital. Berlin. Languages. German. Government. Nazi single- party state. Totalitarian dictatorship President / Führer - 1. Paul von Hindenburg - 1. Adolf Hitler - 1. Karl Dönitz Chancellor - 1. Adolf Hitler - 1. Joseph Goebbels. Legislature Reichstag - State council Reichsrat. Historical era Interwar period / WWII - Machtergreifung. January 1. 93. 3 - Gleichschaltung. February 1. 93. 3 - Anschluss. March 1. 93. 8 - World War II1 September 1. Death of Adolf Hitler. April 1. 94. 5 - Surrender of Germany. May 1. 94. 5 Area - 1. Großdeutschland) 6. Population - 1. 94. Großdeutschland) est. Density. 12. 9. 3 /km² (3. Currency Reichsmark (ℛℳ)Today part of^ abc. Including de facto annexed/incorporated territories.^Office formally vacant. Adolf Hitler's titles were Führer und Reichskanzler from August 1. Through the Enabling Act of 1. German government was vested with legislative powers, although the Reichstag formally continued to exist as a law- making body. Nazi Germany, also known as the Third Reich, is the common name for Germany during an era where the country transformed from a democratic Republic to a totalitarian state, being ruled by Adolf Hitler as the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) until their destruction by Allied Forces in May, 1. On 3. 0 January 1. Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, by the President of the Weimar Republic, Paul von Hindenburg, beginning the process of eliminating all opposition and the consolidation of power to become the sole leader of Germany. On 2 August 1. 93. Hitler became the dictator of Germany with the merger of the powers and offices of the Chancellery with the Presidency of the Weimar Republic. This legislation was affirmed by a national referendum vote on 1. August 1. 93. 4. Through this legislation and referendum Hitler became the sole leader, Führer ("leader"), of Germany. The state idolized Hitler as its leader, centralizing all power in his hands. Historians have emphasized the hypnotic effect of his rhetoric on large audiences, and of his eyes in small groups. Kessel writes, "Overwhelmingly.. Germans speak with mystification of Hitler's 'hypnotic' appeal.." Under the "leader principle," the Führer's word was above all other laws. Top officials reported to Hitler and followed his policies, but they had considerable autonomy. The government was not a coordinated, cooperating body, but rather a collection of factions struggling to amass power and gain favour with the Führer. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazi government restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy of free- market and central- planning practices. Extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of the Autobahns. The return to economic stability gave the regime enormous popularity. All opposition to Hitler's rule was suppressed. Racism, especially antisemitism, was a feature of society in Nazi Germany. The Gestapo (secret state police) and SS under Heinrich Himmler destroyed the liberal, socialist, and communist opposition, and persecuted and murdered Jews and other "undesirables." According to a 1. Germanic peoples—who were also referred to as the Nordic race—were the purest representation of the Aryan race, and were therefore the master race. Education focused on racial biology, population policy, and physical fitness. Membership in the Hitler Youth organization became compulsory. The number of women enrolled in post- secondary education plummeted, and career opportunities were curtailed. Calling women's rights a "product of the Jewish intellect," the Nazis practiced what they called "emancipation from emancipation." Entertainment and tourism were organized via the Strength Through Joy program. The government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific forms of art and discouraging or banning others. The Nazis mounted the infamous Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) exhibition in 1. Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film, mass rallies, and Hitler's hypnotizing oratory to control public opinion. The 1. 93. 6 Summer Olympics showcased the Third Reich on the international stage. Germany made increasingly aggressive demands, threatening war if they were not met. Britain and France responded with appeasement, hoping Hitler would finally be satisfied. Austria was annexed in 1. Sudetenland was taken via the Munich Agreement in 1. Czechoslovakia taken over in 1. Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin and invaded Poland in September 1. World War II. In alliance with Benito Mussolini's Italy, Germany conquered France and most of Europe by 1. Great Britain. Reich Commissariats took brutal control of conquered areas, and a German administration termed the General Government was established in Poland. Concentration camps, established as early as 1. The number of camps quadrupled between 1. Europe, Jews, political prisoners, criminals, homosexuals, gypsies, the mentally ill and others were imprisoned. The system that began as an instrument of political oppression culminated in the mass murder of Jews and other minorities in The Holocaust. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1. Third Reich in the major military defeats of the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk in 1. The Soviet counter- attacks became the largest land battles in history. Large- scale systematic bombing of all major German cities, rail lines and oil plants escalated in 1. Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Germany was overrun in 1. Soviets from the east and the Allies from the west. The victorious Allies initiated a policy of denazification and put the surviving Nazi leadership on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials. Name. The official name of the state was the Deutsches Reich ("German Reich") from 1. Großdeutsches Reich ("Greater German Reich") from 1. The name Deutsches Reich is usually translated into English as "German Empire" or " German Reich". The term "Reich" does not always connote an empire; the official name of Germany remained "Deutsches Reich" during the Weimar period. The most popular English terms are "Nazi Germany" and "Third Reich." The latter was adopted by the Nazis and first used in a 1. Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, that counted the medieval Holy Roman Empire (9. German Empire (1. The Nazis ignored the previous Weimar Republic (1. Nazis denounced as a historical aberration, contemptuously referring to it as " the System". Historiographically, Germans today refer to the period as Zeit des Nationalsozialismus or the abbreviated NS- Zeit ("National Socialist period"). A formal term frequently used in political speech or legal context is Nationalsozialistische Gewaltherrschaft (referring more specifically to the Nazi terror regime). History. Background. The Nazi movement arose among angry young veterans in the early 1. Treaty of Versailles (1. Weimar republic, and democracy generally. They called for a revival of the Aryan race and blamed the Jews for Germany's troubles. Highly effective Nazi propaganda effectively used the " Stab- in- the- back legend" to explain the German military defeat in 1. Jews, Communists and other subversives in Berlin were to blame. The Nazi movement was small until the onset of the 1. Great Depression. The subsequent fallout intensified the reaction against the modernity and liberalism of the Weimar Republic. Simultaneously, on the left, the Communist Party of Germany, controlled by Moscow, gained strength as the middle was squeezed. Many Germans decided the Nazi Party was capable of restoring order, quelling civil unrest, and restoring Germany's international reputation. The Nazis promised a strong authoritarian government, civic peace, radical economic policies (including full employment), increased Lebensraum ("living space") for Germanic peoples, formation of a national community based on race, and racial cleansing via the active suppression of Jews.
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